ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation Plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation Plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation Plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation Plans in urban and land use Planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-Plan" and "evaluation-Plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation Plans in urban and land use Planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development Plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban Plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American Planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development Planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development Plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Regional Planning in Iran have a long period background. In spite of this background of 50 years old, these Plans have less and less reached to implementation stage. The aim of this study is analysis of comprehensive development Plan of Central Zagros Region. The main reason for selection of this subject for evaluation, firstly was the importance of regional Planning, especially in a expand country like Iran, and the second, was necessity of continoues analysis and review on the Plans in both cases of aims and methods.This research in its evaluation process, initially tried to answer to the three following questions:1-The rate of compatibility between the Plan and scientific bases2-Harmony and answering between the aims and the tar targets of initial contract of the Plan3-The rate of applicability and implementation of recommended Plan.Methodology of research in this thesis is the descriptive and analytical method, and is divided on two sections: One is formal evaluation and the other is containing evaluation Formal evaluation is to compare of such cases of the survey that is out of purport, and only concentrate on formal part of the work The aim of containing evaluation, is indeed to analysis and evaluate such part of survey that has the considerable meaning, and is comparable with the scientific terms and literature review of regional Planning Output of the research -in short- is that In typical regional Plans -in general- and the case of the recommended Plan of Central Zagros -in special- the formal methods of Planning are done in a fair level. But the matter on which is in a neglect, is not to pay enough attention to initial stage and also last stage of Planning process, that means: how to be philosophical and ideological terms of Planning at the first and how to execute or to program the Plan at the end of Planning process. In other words, the regional Plans are suffered from two things more than the others; "Poverty in Theory and Poverty in Execution.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and Planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive Plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

Background and Objective: Today, contractors are required to submit an HSE Plan before starting a project, and HSE officials in organizations must be able to develop an HSE Plan. Due to the lack of a specific format for the development of the HSE Plan, to avoid personal preferences, save time and money, and include the necessary parts, the present study aimed to provide a consistent model for users to develop a specific HSE-Plan using suitable software. Materials and Methods: First, the main framework of HSE-Plan was determined by searching various databases and including expert opinions. In the next step, the idea generation and design of the portal were done. Afterward, the required basic information was entered into the program and different parts of the program were designed according to the requirements of each section. Finally, the software was validated by testing it in a provincial power distribution company. Results: According to the input options, as well as the subject of the project and its specific requirements, the outputs were designed to suit different projects, and after entering the required information for each section, the output HSE-Plan was displayed. Conclusion: This software helps the user to define appropriate goals and policies for the organization and identify the relevant requirements by entering information such as risk assessment data and the results of occupational accidents, and finally the collection of these materials creates the Plan required by users.

The status and importance of the urban development Plans and their evaluation through various methods is still an outstanding challenging issue in the academic and practical settings. Plan quality evaluation is known as an emerging methodology for assessing the quality of Plans. It typically evaluate Plans in relation to whether they contain certain desirable features, and aims to answer questions about the suitability of Plans, applying methods and theories of Planning, their strengths and weaknesses related to the ideal situation in different fields. During the past two decades, researchers have been able to formulate conceptual consensus based on the preliminary principles of Plan quality. The purpose of this study is to introduce concepts and methods for Plan quality evaluation describing an appropriate systematic conceptual model in order for quality evaluation of urban development Plans in Iran, so that Planners, while knowing the appropriate content of the Plans, can try to carry out further research focused on specific topics and fields. It should be mentioned that the method used in this study is an exPlanatory overview. As the theoretical foundations, different methods and studies related to the subject have been comprehensively investigated and analyzed, consequently, the suitable "model and method" for evaluating the quality of urban development Plans in Iran is clearly explained and adjusted to the whole country. In this research, six main stages for content analysis of the Plans were clearly described including (1) determining the subject of evaluation, the level and scope of the research, explaining the conceptual model, identifying and determining the main features of the Plan; (2) making a protocol composed of components, criteria and items (questions and items) related to each feature; (3) determining the method for scoring items in the protocol; (4) coding principles and methods; (5) checking the reliability of scores; and (6) interpreting, analyzing and comparing of Plan quality scores. Additionally, due to the clarification of the concepts and theoretical framework and the literature review of the Plan's quality, in order to explain the conceptual model of the comprehensive Plans quality in Iran, the provisions of the definitions, requirements and methods of (rational) comprehensive Planning, the description of contract services for the development Plans (type 12), laws, guidelines, approvals and opinions of researchers, experts and critics of urban development Plans, the results and content of studies on evaluation of Plans in Iran were widely utilized. Finally, a conceptual model was designed with 10 main components (i. e., fact base, analysis and inference, preparation of Plans, implementation, inter-organizational coordination, participation, presentation, monitoring and evaluation, Planning methods, sustainable development). This conceptual model can be both a guide and a checklist for Planners to improve the content of their Plans and identify the strengths, weaknesses and shortcomings of them. Last but not least, this study motivates researchers to appropriately apply this conceptual model or counterpart models to their research topic for the purpose of initiating and extending studies on the quality of Plans in Iran.

The position and importance of urban development Plans and their evaluation through various methods remains a significant issue in theoretical and practical areas. Plan quality evaluation is known as an emerging methodology for examination of whether a Plan holds certain desirable features, and is aimed at answering questions about the suitability of Plans and application of methods and theories of Planning and their strengths and weaknesses with respect to the ideal conditions in different fields. During the past two decades, researchers have successfully formulated a conceptual consensus based on the preliminary principles of Plan quality. The purpose of this study was to introduce concepts and methods for Plan quality evaluation and to present an appropriate systematic conceptual model for quality evaluation of urban development Plans in Iran. For specification of the theoretical framework of this exPlanatory-analytical research, a range of methods and studies related to the subject were comprehensively examined and analyzed, and the consequent appropriate model for evaluation of the quality of urban development Plans in Iran was clearly established and adapted to the entire country. A conceptual model for evaluating the quality of comprehensive Plans consists of seven basic components (factual basis, analysis and inference, Plans and programs, implementation, inter-organizational coordination, presentation, and Planning methods) and three progressive components (participation, sustainable development, and monitoring and evaluation). This study evaluated 29 Plans from medium-sized Iranian cities and 5 from large ones. The results demonstrated that the overall quality score of the comprehensive Plans in both groups was moderate (The average score was 4. 95 out of 10). Among the seven basic components of Plan quality, factual basis, analysis and inference, organization, and presentation exhibited proper conditions, and the components of Plans and programs, inter-organizational coordination, implementation, and Planning methods were found to be inappropriate. The progressive component of sustainable development exhibited potentials for advancement despite the low score, while participation and monitoring and evaluation were generally disregarded in the Plans. The findings also indicated the incapability of the Plans (at least in the present conditions) of correctly completing the Planning process. The most important drawbacks of the Plans included the reduction of the capability of presenting and implementing the Plans and the lack of a mechanism for monitoring and evaluating them. Among all the evaluated Plans, the Plan from the city of Rasht was identified as the best, followed by those of Mahabad, Bojnord, Amol, Sabzevar, Kerman, and Birjand, all of which could be regarded as Plans with potentials for advancement. In a study of the internal consistency of the Plan components, Plans and programs was found to be the most important, most influential component of Plan quality, which could be considered as the main indicator of comprehensive Plan quality. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the Plan quality of the large and medium-sized cities. However, the quality of the Plans has increased over the past two decades, and the dates of their approval were found to be effective on their quality. The future conditions of Plan quality in the country seem to be promising, and better quality is expected to be provided by the urban development Plans. Future Plans are likely to be capable of addressing issues such as justice in urban development, environmental quality, transportation, and sustainability. This study sought to provide incentives for reconsideration of how Plans are developed and to prevent discouragement of Planners and unnecessary underestimation of their ability to inject creativity, new methods, and new Planning challenges into their Plans, so that they can present better Plans to which they are committed. The value of the capacity to assess the quality of Plans in order to highlight their strengths and weaknesses in analysis of the controversial or innovative effects of urban development Plans and land use Planning in various fields was demonstrated in this research, requiring those in charge of development and implementation of Plans to have greater concern for to their quality indicators.

Introduction: the present study evaluated the implementation of legal materials related to health in the Sixth Development Plan. Method: The present study was a triangulation combined study in 2022. The first stage was carried out with the aim of identifying the measures including documentary analysis, using the data collection form, and the data collected by the research team were refined separately and using contract content analysis. In the second stage, the evaluation indicators including the review of documents and the data collection form, the calculated indicators were sent in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire, and using experts meeting through the discussion framework. The third stage was conducted with using questionnaire approved and completed by three groups including the apparatus and its affiliated units, foreign experts and supervising experts. Results: Based on the findings, 122 indicators were used separately for legal clauses. The highest distribution of foreign experts’,scores was in percentages of less than 25 and 26 to 50, and this distribution was largely similar for observer experts. On average, the rate of progress of the verdicts was 49%, foreign experts 43% and the opinion of the apparatus with a large difference of 87%. About 60% of the opinion of the supervising experts and evaluators were similar. The focus of foreign experts has been more on outcome indicators. About 43% of the 122 indicators were part of the support document or quantitative indicators with the documents provided by the executive body. Conclusion: Reviewing and evaluating the progress of development Plans, depending on their generalities and details, can include very small to large indicators. Also, the use of three groups of evaluators, the use of different sources to enumerate the indicators, relying on official documents such as supporting documents and monitoring devices, as well as presenting the progress of program implementation separately for each of the legal materials are other strengths of this research.

This paper examines the work of Immanuel Kant in the light of a new theory on the nature of truth, knowledge and falsehood (the Inversion Theory of Truth). Kant’s idea that knowledge could be absolutely certain, and that its truth must correspond with reality, is discredited by a dissection of the Correspondence Theory of Truth. This examination of the nature of truth, as well as knowledge and falsehood, is conducted with reference to Sir Karl Popper’s writings on regulative ideas, the criterion of demarcation and the principle of falsifiability. It is argued that if truth is to be regarded as certain, it should be used to describe objects and events in the objective (noumenal) state, and that subjective knowledge must contain (and is improved by) falsehood. Perceptions and knowledge are obtained by the biological and evolutionary process of Active Subjectivism. Ideas we have knowledge of can be metaphysical or scientific, according to Popper’s Criterion of Demarcation. Kant’s “Copernican revolution” claim that our intellect imposes absolutely true laws on nature could not allow for the possibility that ideas might be constructed from fallible perceptions, and hence that all knowledge is uncertain. Instead, he developed a Critique of Practical Reason in which religion, though not provable through logical reasoning, could be proved by our innate moral sense, giving us a Categorical Imperative that could lead to perverse results. By rejecting the absolute certainty of a priori knowledge, and admitting a degree of essential falsehood, we arrive at a more reasonable grounding for moral behavior.